Both ENDS is an Environment and Development Servise for NGOs. It is an independent non profit organisation which works to strengthen the position of citizens groups working on environmenttal and social justice issues. Activities are based on an exchange of knowledge, experience and ideas.

Both ENDS’ aim is to contribute to responsible management of nature and the natural environment, by strengthening fellow NGOs and community groups that are working on these issues, especially in developing countries.

Both ENDS recently formulated a ‘CITIES project’, which focuses on the recognition and enhancement of the intermediary capacity of NGOs to address environmental problems in urban areas, by promoting co-operation with local authorities (LAs) and community based organisations (CBOs). The ‘CITIES project’ is directed at the exchange of information and expertise, the provision of services and co-operation on environmental management.

The aim of this project is to strengthen NGO-capacities at the local level and to strenghten the political leverage of co-operation between NGOs, LAs and CBOs.

Contribution / Contribution / Contribución :

This guide is published in both English and French as a joint project of Enda Tiers-Monde (international environment and development network based in Dakar, Senegal) and Both ENDS (environment and development service for NGOs, based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands). For Enda, this work is a continuation of an earlier study, produced in 1994, on policies and strategies of the principal European financiers : For Both ENDS, this is intended to be the first of a series of fundings guides for Southern NGOs.

How to use this guide

Big Cities, Small Means (European Funding for Environment and Urban Development) is an Orientation Guide for Southern NGOs. It offers a wealth of information on the various financing tools provided by institutions for development co-operation in Europe.

The guide aims to give an overview of development co-operation in twelve European countries and the larger entity known as the European Union. It serves as an introduction to development policies for those wishing to become acquainted with the European situation, but will also be informative to those already somewhat familiar with the issues.

The Introduction looks at the international donor market and gives an overview of current developments. It looks at funding sources for the environment, in particular in relation to urban development. Prospects for financial means after the HABITAT II conference is also touched upon. Before going into the specific policies of each country, an analysis is given of general trends and developments of European funding for Southern NGOs.

Each country section starts off with a description of the country’s official development policy and the agencies responsible for administering bilateral and multilateral aid. The second paragraph of each section refers to the specific area addressed in this publication: it assesses the extent to which environment and urban issues are integrated in the country’s development co-operation policies. In some cases, environment and urban development are priorities, in others they are not. This is followed by a list of the country’s main recipients of aid and the finances that are available for development co-operation. These are mostly given in US dollars and not in local currencies (the exchange rate of January 1997 is used). The main source of reference for the statistics have been DAC/OECD’s publications. With the new system of GNP budget calculations, the ODA percentages are lower than before.

An overview of funding for NGOs in developing countries is given next, starting with financial support through Embassies where relevant. In all countries, government support to local NGOs is provided through a specialised aid agency or department within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This support is mostly channelled through national NGOs via special grant facilities or budgetlines for activities in developing countries. These NGOs directly support development activities either through their own programmes or through the (co-)financing of projects initiated by NGOs in developing countries.

In addition, a description is given of organisations which are involved in development co-operation and provide financial support. Many of these operate under government schemes but also derive income from private sources, such as churches, political foundations etc.

There are case studies throughout the booklet which give real-life examples of the search for finances for environment and urban development projects in different parts of the world. A comprehensive address list of all agencies and organisations mentioned in the guide is to be found at the end.

For a more comprehensive look at the NGO community for each country, a key organisation is mentioned from which Southern NGOs can obtain further information. The reader is also referred to a number of funding directories which, in many cases, are compiled by national umbrella organisations or networks of environment and development organisations.

NGOs interested in knowing more about the donors and funding agencies mentioned are advised to make further enquiries directly and determine funding possibilities in the light of their financing requirements. Most donors also have specific project application guidelines and procedures.

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Big Cities Small Means

European Funding for Environment and Urban Development

An Orientation Guide for Southern NGOs

Editing: Marie-José Vervest, Jolande C. de Waal, Niala Maharaj

Text : Jolande C. de Waal, Marie-José Vervest, Marlou Ruijter (Both ENDS)

Translation : John Shepherd Translations

Design : Inge de Leeuw (Haarlem)

Printed by : Drukkerij Macula, Boskoop

Printed on : cyclus

ISBN : 90-801592-7-1

Orders and correspondence concerning this publication can be sent to :

Both ENDS

Damrak 28-30

1012 LJ Amsterdam

The Netherlands

tel:31.20-6230823

fax:31.20-6208049

e-mail:bothends@bothends.antenna.nl

Orders and correspondence concerning the French edition of this publication can be sent to:

ENDA Tiers Monde, Secretariat Preceup

5, rue des Immeubles-Industriels, 75011 Paris

Tel: 33.1 44 93 87 40, Fax: 33.1 44 93 87 50,

E-mail: endadel@globenet.org

This publication has been made possible through grants from the Dutch Ministry of Development Co-operation

(DRU: Department of Rural and Urban Development) and the European Union.

Both ENDS/ENDA Tiers Monde / April 1997

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Table of Contents

PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE

INTRODUCTION

AN ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN FUNDING FOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE 1990s

BELGIUM

Box: Recycling in Dakar

DENMARK

FINLAND

FRANCE

Box: Recognition of women’s work in Senegal

GERMANY

Box: Local initiatives facility for urban environment (LIFE)

IRELAND

ITALY

THE NETHERLANDS

Box: Waste recycling in India

NORWAY

SWEDEN

Box: Environment and health in poor urban areas in Uganda

SWITZERLAND

THE UNITED KINGDOM

Box: NGOs and urban sector organisations in Vietnam

EUROPEAN UNION

General information on the EU

Budget lines available to Southern NGOs

Box: Creation of a recycling school in Bolivia

GLOSSARY

ADDRESSES

SUGGESTED READING