• The dormant community was mobilized again after 1989 by the NGO on solid waste management system. The solid waste management system has been deteriorated in the area since past five years due to the fall of MQM and finishing of local bodies system (area councilor).
• The main link of the community and the municipality was revived by meetings and informal discussions.
• Awareness on the subject of solid waste was created through corner group area meetings in which video movies were shown to the people and two way discussions were held.
• The review of the existing community education material provided by the municipality was found deficient and unattractive by the residents.
• The community education material on solid waste management were specifically prepared for use by the community including video movie, posters and handbills.
• Innovative approaches were initiated to create awareness among the residents including "door-to-door" visit by the children, group meetings, women meetings, discussion at the mosque and children festival.
• The only open area in the community which was serving as garbage heap and hideout for drug addicts was cleaned and given a healthy look. The open area was made more green and saplings were raised in the open places.
• The use of household garbage container was gradually diminishing and people were using odd choices like wooden crates without proper lease and lid. The community was educated to use appropriate size household garbage container with capacity to store at least two days generated garbage with proper lid and base. Discounted garbage containers made of waste rubber tire were provided to the residents.
• Training of community volunteers were organized to equip them with better known how. The training subjects included environment, pollution, types of pollution, water and waste water pollution, air and noise pollution impacts of pollution on human health, impacts of pollution on environment and natural ecosystem, maintaining personal cleanliness and hygiene, protecting the water supply, maintaining sanitation facilities, solid waste recycling, waste minimization, liaison with the municipal authority etc.

• Training of municipal sweepers were held in which they were educated on need for solid waste management, health impacts of solid waste, duties and obligation of residents, municipal staff, recycling of solid waste, waste collection techniques, tools and equipment for solid waste collection, maintaining personal hygiene, avoiding skin diseases, using protective equipment and gears etc.
• Awareness campaign was launched based on 'door-to-door' visits in which the community was motivated to participate for cleaning of their area and maintaining clean and hygienic surroundings. Small presents and gifts for children were given to the households.
• The NGO supported the community by providing necessary tools and equipment for collection of solid waste including brooms, baskets and one wheel trolleys. Two communal bins were also provided by the NGO which were placed in narrow lanes as an intermediary storage points.
• The community with the technical assistance of NGO, organized the primary collection of waste from the households to the communal bins. Incentives in the shape of additional monthly payments were decided for the sweepers. This act gave the responsibility to the sweepers who were assigned their specified area of collection (beat) by the residents' representative in consultation with the Sanitary Sub Inspector. The 'Mucadam' or municipal supervisor and lane managers (one in forty houses) were to supervise the sweeper's work.
• Lane Managers were appointed by the community. Approx. one manager/in charge for 40 houses or two row of houses on one street which ever is convenient. The in charge was responsible for sweeper's attendance, supervising sweeper's work, giving cleaning guidelines and assigning work to sweepers, keeping and storing the tools and equipment donated by the NGO.
• Fortnightly meetings of lane managers/in charge were held to discuss any problems and short comings and to plan for further activities and equipment maintenance schedule.
• The middle dealers located in the area was contacted and was motivated to give additional incentives to the community. Two street hawkers were dedicated to the Ghousia Colony area providing daily collection service. The recyclable waste was also purchased on the spot if in bulk (sizable) quantities.

• Waste minimization and waste utilization on campaign was initiated to discard less quantity of waste and to use waste items as much as one can. Children were taught how to make useful items from waste. These items were displayed in the lanes by children and shown to the households.
• The lane manager kept record of the households who participated in the cleanliness of the lanes. Certificate of appreciation were distributed to the households. These artifacts were financed/provided by UNICEF.
• A small Children's festival/get together was organized as part of the awareness campaign. Gift and presents were distributed to the children. The gifts were sponsored by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the Book Group.
• The local CBO got trained for managing of solid waste management system in the area.

The Researcher carried out independent evaluation of the project based on the informal meetings and based on focused group discussion technique. During the meeting all the relevant community represented were invited from all the ethnic backgrounds, marginal and minority groups. Women representatives were also present who participated from the other room. The evaluation yielded the following outcome:

• The NGO was appreciated for their efforts and giving credit to the local informal leaders. Due to the project some other leaders also emerged mainly who were LM.
• The higher ups in the municipality were not contacted which might have improved the Waste management situation even without financially participation of the households.
• The LM enjoy a good repo with the sweepers and the sweepers service the LM's house on priority and with more enthusiasm and dedication.
• The municipal supervisory staff deputed to the area has greatly relaxed since they do less work and even get incentives. For any problem they ask the residents to contact the LM or the committee instead of solving it.
• The LM should be a rotating post like for a a period of two/ three months enabling others to equally participate as well. The LM only change when they couldn’t supervise the work due to their job or an other reason. Even some LM are hanging with their positions.

• The financial statement is not regularly circulated to the beneficiaries. There may exist the misappropriation of collective funds.
• All the residents constructing their houses should remove their debris voluntarily as a lot of construction/ improvement activity is going on in the area.

Following recommendations can be made from the case study.

• An assessment/survey has to be conducted by an independent NGO/individual/experts to assess the background of the community and any previous participating attempts on infra-structure and regularization. The participation potential needs to be assessed before planning any improvement activity.
• The basic infra-structure and utilities needs to be present/available before organizing the solid waste management system. Water supply, sewerage and electricity are usually the earlier choices before SWM system.
• The municipal staff needs to be taken into confidence before planning for solid waste management activities. They should be generally involved in the participation process. Their views and suggestions needs to be carefully heard and any shortcomings/deficiencies require mitigation measures.
• Awareness on the subject is very much required. This awareness can be created 'directly' or 'indirectly' depending on the situation and target groups. Until and unless the community is not convinced by the need for improvement, they will always hesitate to participate physically and financially.
• The involvement of all ethnic and minority groups created a sense of participation/ involvement among the community/confronting. Equal importance needs to be given to all the community representatives. A two way discussion is required to sort out any serious/conforming matter before planning for improvement.
• NGO or any outside agency can play a vital role in bridging the gap between the community and can politically/amicably solve the minor/major differences.

• The NGO or outside agency should first show as a partner to the community so that the residents can rely on them for their problems.
• The community education campaign needs to be carried out through convenient modes which can reach the general people. The messages to be communicated needs to be simple and to the point.
• The residents should be given a sense of pride in participating for the improvement works. A 'reward' can inculcate a better participating approach among the residents.